Verse-by-Verse Commentary
The Book of Luke
Chapter 2: Unto You Is Born a Saviour, Which Is Christ the Lord
Luke 2 tells the birth of the Saviour with unforgettable tenderness. In the days of Caesar Augustus, God moves an empire's decree to bring a virgin to Bethlehem, the city of David, where she brings forth her firstborn Son and lays Him in a manger, 'because there was no room for them in the inn.' To lowly shepherds an angel proclaims the greatest news: 'unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord,' and the heavenly host sings, 'Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men.' Forty days later the aged Simeon takes the child in his arms and blesses God, 'mine eyes have seen thy salvation... A light to lighten the Gentiles,' and the prophetess Anna gives thanks. And at twelve years old, the boy Jesus, found in the temple among the teachers, gives His first recorded words: 'wist ye not that I must be about my Father's business?' The chapter proclaims the Saviour of all people, born humbly, hailed by heaven, and even as a child conscious of His unique Sonship to God.
About This Commentary
This is a verse-by-verse study of Luke chapter 2. For each section you will find the KJV text, the Greek words that sharpen the meaning, plain explanation, and a Gospel Focus. Here the Saviour is born in Bethlehem, hailed by angels and shepherds, welcomed by Simeon and Anna, and revealed as a boy conscious of His Father. Every Scripture quotation is from the King James Version.
Setting the Stage
No Room in the Inn
The Saviour is born in Bethlehem and laid in a manger.
Good Tidings of Great Joy
Angels proclaim a Saviour, Christ the Lord, to lowly shepherds.
Mine Eyes Have Seen Thy Salvation
Simeon and Anna welcome the child as the salvation of God.
My Father's Business
At twelve, Jesus is found in the temple, conscious of His Father.
A Saviour, Which Is Christ the Lord (Luke 2:1-20)
God moves an empire to bring His Son to Bethlehem, and heaven announces His birth to shepherds in the field.
Glory to God in the Highest
"And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed. (And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria.) And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city. And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David:) To be taxed with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child. And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered. And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn. And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night. And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid. And the angel said unto them, Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people. For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord. And this shall be a sign unto you; Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger. And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying, Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men. And it came to pass, as the angels were gone away from them into heaven, the shepherds said one to another, Let us now go even unto Bethlehem, and see this thing which is come to pass, which the Lord hath made known unto us. And they came with haste, and found Mary, and Joseph, and the babe lying in a manger. And when they had seen it, they made known abroad the saying which was told them concerning this child. And all they that heard it wondered at those things which were told them by the shepherds. But Mary kept all these things, and pondered them in her heart. And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, as it was told unto them."
Word Study
"a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord," Greek soter... Christos Kurios (σωτὴρ Χριστὸς Κύριος). In one breath the angel gives the newborn three titles. He is soter, "Saviour," the one who rescues, Luke's great theme, salvation for all people. He is Christos, the Christ, the promised Messiah and King. And He is Kurios, "Lord," the very word the Greek Old Testament uses for the LORD, Yahweh. The baby in the manger is the Saviour, the Messiah, and the LORD God Himself come in flesh. Heaven's announcement of the Christmas child is a declaration of His deity.
Explanation
Luke anchors the birth in world history -- Caesar Augustus, the decree, the census -- and then shows the King of kings born in a stable and laid in a manger, "because there was no room for them in the inn." The good news comes first not to Rome or the temple but to shepherds in a field: "unto you is born this day... a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord." The lowliness is the message -- God enters the world among the poor and the overlooked. The shepherds who watched their flocks by night become the first evangelists, returning "glorifying and praising God" for what they had seen.
Gospel Focus
Luke roots the birth of Jesus in real history, "Caesar Augustus... Cyrenius... governor of Syria," and shows the hand of God sovereignly at work: an emperor's tax decree, meant to fill Rome's coffers, becomes the means of bringing Mary to Bethlehem, so that the Messiah is born in "the city of David" exactly as the prophet foretold (Micah 5:2). God rules the empires to keep His promises. And how humbly the Saviour comes: "no room for them in the inn," born in a stable, "wrapped... in swaddling clothes, and laid... in a manger." The Lord of glory enters the world not in a palace but in poverty, laid in a feeding trough. Then heaven breaks open, not to kings or priests, but to "shepherds abiding in the field," among the lowliest of workers. The angel's words are the gospel in miniature: "Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people. For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord." Notice every word. It is "good tidings," gospel; "of great joy"; "to all people", not for the Jews only but for the whole world, Luke's constant theme; and the child is "a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord", God come to save. And the sign given is astonishing in its lowliness: not a crown, but "the babe... lying in a manger." The heavenly host bursts into praise, "Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men", for the birth of this child brings glory to God and peace to earth, peace between God and sinners through the Saviour. The shepherds hurry to see, then become the first evangelists, spreading the news, while Mary "kept all these things, and pondered them in her heart." Here is Christmas: God moved history to send His Son, the Saviour, Christ, and Lord, born in humility for all people. Come with the shepherds, see the child, and go glorifying and praising God.
A Light to Lighten the Gentiles (Luke 2:21-38)
In the temple two aged saints, long waiting for the Messiah, welcome the child as the salvation of God for all peoples.
Mine Eyes Have Seen Thy Salvation
"And when eight days were accomplished for the circumcising of the child, his name was called JESUS, which was so named of the angel before he was conceived in the womb. And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord; (As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord;) And to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons. And, behold, there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon; and the same man was just and devout, waiting for the consolation of Israel: and the Holy Ghost was upon him. And it was revealed unto him by the Holy Ghost, that he should not see death, before he had seen the Lord's Christ. And he came by the Spirit into the temple: and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, to do for him after the custom of the law, Then took he him up in his arms, and blessed God, and said, Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word: For mine eyes have seen thy salvation, Which thou hast prepared before the face of all people; A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel. And Joseph and his mother marvelled at those things which were spoken of him. And Simeon blessed them, and said unto Mary his mother, Behold, this child is set for the fall and rising again of many in Israel; and for a sign which shall be spoken against; (Yea, a sword shall pierce through thy own soul also,) that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed. And there was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Aser: she was of a great age, and had lived with an husband seven years from her virginity; And she was a widow of about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day. And she coming in that instant gave thanks likewise unto the Lord, and spake of him to all them that looked for redemption in Jerusalem."
Word Study
"thy salvation," Greek soterion (σωτήριον). Simeon does not say "I have seen the sign of salvation" but "mine eyes have seen thy salvation." He is holding salvation in his arms, for salvation is not merely an event or an idea but a Person: the child Jesus. To see Christ is to see the salvation of God. And Simeon declares its reach, "before the face of all people; A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel." Luke's Gospel of the Saviour of all peoples sounds here from the lips of an old man: the salvation of God, held in his arms, is light for the whole world.
Explanation
The infant is circumcised and named Jesus, then presented in the temple, where two aged saints who "waited for the consolation of Israel" recognize Him. Simeon takes the child and blesses God: "mine eyes have seen thy salvation... a light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel" -- the salvation held in his arms reaches to the whole world. Yet he warns Mary of a sword that will pierce her soul, for this child is "set for the fall and rising again of many." Anna the prophetess adds her testimony, and the Saviour is welcomed by the faithful remnant who had long watched for Him.
Gospel Focus
Obedient to the law, Mary and Joseph name the child "JESUS," as the angel commanded, "Yahweh saves," and bring Him to the temple, offering the humble sacrifice of the poor, "a pair of turtledoves." There they are met by Simeon, "just and devout, waiting for the consolation of Israel," to whom the Holy Ghost had promised he would not die before seeing "the Lord's Christ." Led "by the Spirit into the temple," he takes the child in his arms and blesses God with words the church has sung ever since: "Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace... For mine eyes have seen thy salvation." He is ready to die, for he has seen the Saviour. And he sees what the child means for the whole world: "A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel." From the very beginning, Luke shows, the Saviour was for all peoples, Jew and Gentile alike. But Simeon also speaks a word of shadow to Mary: this child is "set for the fall and rising again of many," and "for a sign which shall be spoken against", the Christ would divide, some rising in faith, others falling in rejection, "that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed." How a person responds to Jesus reveals the heart. And to Mary personally: "a sword shall pierce through thy own soul also", a foreshadowing of the cross, where the mother would watch her Son die. Then the aged prophetess Anna, a widow of eighty-four who "departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day," comes in that very hour, gives thanks, and speaks of the child "to all them that looked for redemption." Two faithful old saints, who had waited a lifetime, are rewarded with a sight of the Saviour, and become witnesses to Him. Here is a lesson in patient, prayerful waiting: those who long for Christ and watch for Him are not disappointed. Have your eyes seen God's salvation? To hold Christ by faith is to hold salvation itself, and to be ready, like Simeon, to depart in peace.
I Must Be About My Father's Business (Luke 2:39-52)
At twelve years old, the boy Jesus reveals in His first recorded words a unique consciousness of God as His Father.
Jesus Increased in Wisdom and Stature
"And when they had performed all things according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth. And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him. Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast of the passover. And when he was twelve years old, they went up to Jerusalem after the custom of the feast. And when they had fulfilled the days, as they returned, the child Jesus tarried behind in Jerusalem; and Joseph and his mother knew not of it. But they, supposing him to have been in the company, went a day's journey; and they sought him among their kinsfolk and acquaintance. And when they found him not, they turned back again to Jerusalem, seeking him. And it came to pass, that after three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the doctors, both hearing them, and asking them questions. And all that heard him were astonished at his understanding and answers. And when they saw him, they were amazed: and his mother said unto him, Son, why hast thou thus dealt with us? behold, thy father and I have sought thee sorrowing. And he said unto them, How is it that ye sought me? wist ye not that I must be about my Father's business? And they understood not the saying which he spake unto them. And he went down with them, and came to Nazareth, and was subject unto them: but his mother kept all these sayings in her heart. And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favour with God and man."
Word Study
"my Father's business," Greek en tois tou Patros mou (ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου). The phrase means literally "in the things of my Father," His house, His affairs, His concerns. These are the first recorded words of Jesus, and they are full of meaning. When His mother says "thy father and I have sought thee," referring to Joseph, the boy gently answers by pointing to another Father: "my Father's business." Already at twelve He knows that God is His Father in a unique way, and that His life belongs first to Him. The child in the temple is conscious of His own divine Sonship; even in His true humanity, growing and learning, He knows whose Son He is.
Explanation
The only glimpse Luke gives of Jesus' boyhood is at twelve, when He lingers in the temple among the teachers, "both hearing them, and asking them questions." To His anxious mother He gives His first recorded words: "wist ye not that I must be about my Father's business?" -- already conscious of a unique relationship to God as Father. Yet He returns to Nazareth and is "subject unto them," and Luke notes He "increased in wisdom and stature, and in favour with God and man." The one in whom all fulness dwells truly grew as a real human child, veiling His glory in an ordinary Galilean life.
Gospel Focus
Luke gives us the only glimpse of Jesus' boyhood in all the Gospels, and it is precious. First, His true, real humanity: "the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom," and at the chapter's end, "Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favour with God and man." He was genuinely a child who grew, learned, and developed, God come in flesh, truly human. Yet at twelve, a striking incident reveals who He is. Left behind in Jerusalem, He is found "in the temple, sitting in the midst of the doctors, both hearing them, and asking them questions," and "all that heard him were astonished at his understanding." When His anxious parents find Him, His first recorded words unveil His heart: "How is it that ye sought me? wist ye not that I must be about my Father's business?" Mary had said, "thy father and I have sought thee," meaning Joseph; the boy gently corrects the deepest thing, pointing to His true Father, God. Already He knows, in a way no other child ever has, that God is His Father in a unique sense and that His life is devoted to Him. That little word "must", "I must be about my Father's business", is the first note of the divine necessity that would drive His whole life to the cross. And yet, having revealed this, He "went down with them, and came to Nazareth, and was subject unto them." The Son who knew His heavenly Father's business humbly submitted to His earthly parents for eighteen more silent years, a model of obedience and humility. For the Apostolic reader this chapter holds together the two truths of the incarnation: Jesus is truly man, a child who grew in wisdom and stature, and truly the Son of God, conscious even in boyhood of His Father. The Saviour born in Bethlehem, welcomed by Simeon as God's salvation, is the boy who must be about His Father's business, and the man who would finish that business at the cross. Follow Him: know God as Father through the Son, and give yourself, as He did, to the Father's business.
Chapter 2 in Review
Luke 2 proclaims the birth and boyhood of the Saviour. God moves an emperor's decree to bring Mary to Bethlehem, where she lays her firstborn in a manger, "because there was no room for them in the inn." To lowly shepherds the angel brings "good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people. For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord," and heaven sings, "Glory to God in the highest." In the temple, aged Simeon takes the child and blesses God, "mine eyes have seen thy salvation... A light to lighten the Gentiles," and warns Mary of a sword to pierce her soul, while the prophetess Anna gives thanks. And at twelve, the boy Jesus, found among the temple teachers, gives His first recorded words: "wist ye not that I must be about my Father's business?"
For the Apostolic reader the chapter unfolds the wonder of the incarnation and the wideness of the gospel. The child in the manger is heaven's own declaration: "a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord", the Saviour, the Messiah, and the LORD God come in flesh. He is born in humility, hailed by angels, and welcomed by the lowly, for this Saviour is "to all people," "a light to lighten the Gentiles," Luke's great theme sounding from the first. And the boy in the temple reveals the mystery held together: truly man, growing "in wisdom and stature," and truly the Son of God, conscious even as a child that God is His Father and His life is His Father's business. The chapter also holds a personal call. Like the shepherds, come with haste, see the Saviour, and go glorifying God. Like Simeon and Anna, wait and watch for Christ, and hold Him by faith as the salvation of God. And like the boy Jesus, give yourself to the Father's business. Unto you is born a Saviour; He is Christ the Lord.
- God rules empires to keep His promises; the Messiah is born in Bethlehem as foretold (2:1-7; Micah 5:2).
- The child is "a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord", Saviour, Messiah, and LORD in flesh (2:11).
- The gospel is "good tidings of great joy... to all people," Jew and Gentile (2:10, 32).
- To see and hold Christ by faith is to see God's salvation (2:30).
- How we respond to Jesus reveals the heart; He is set for the fall and rising of many (2:34-35).
- Even as a boy, Jesus is conscious of His unique Sonship: "my Father's business" (2:49).
Questions for Reflection
- Have you received the child of Bethlehem as your Saviour, Christ, and Lord?
- Can you say with Simeon, "mine eyes have seen thy salvation"?
- Does your response to Jesus reveal a heart of faith or of rejection?
- Are you, like the boy Jesus, giving yourself to your Father's business?
References & Sources
Scripture is quoted from the King James Version (KJV). Supporting passages are listed so every claim can be verified in its own setting. The Messiah born in Bethlehem: Micah 5:2; Matthew 2:1-6. The name Jesus, "Yahweh saves": Matthew 1:21; Luke 1:31. The presentation and the firstborn: Exodus 13:2, 12; Leviticus 12:6-8. A light to the Gentiles: Isaiah 42:6; 49:6; 9:2. Christ truly man and truly God: Hebrews 2:14-17; John 1:14; Philippians 2:6-8. If anything here does not look right, a verse, a reference, or a wording, please tell us at info@FruitBearers.net. Thank you for helping us keep Bible Learning error free.
- The birth of Jesus and the shepherds: Luke 2:1-20; Matthew 1:18-25; Micah 5:2.
- The presentation in the temple, Simeon and Anna: Luke 2:21-38; Leviticus 12:1-8; Isaiah 49:6.
- The boy Jesus in the temple: Luke 2:39-52; John 8:29; Hebrews 5:8.