Verse-by-Verse Commentary
The Book of Acts
Chapter 11: The Disciples Were Called Christians First in Antioch
Acts 11 confirms and carries forward the great opening of the gospel to the Gentiles. When Peter returns to Jerusalem, the circumcision party contends that he went in to eat with the uncircumcised; but Peter rehearses the whole story, the sheet, the Spirit's command, the words 'whereby thou and all thy house shall be saved,' and how 'the Holy Ghost fell on them, as on us at the beginning.' Seeing that 'God gave them the like gift,' he asks, 'what was I, that I could withstand God?' and the church glorifies God, saying, 'Then hath God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life.' Then the scene shifts to Antioch, where scattered believers preach 'the Lord Jesus' to the Greeks, 'and the hand of the Lord was with them: and a great number believed, and turned unto the Lord.' Barnabas is sent, rejoices in the grace of God, and fetches Saul, and for a whole year they teach the church, where 'the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch.' The chapter shows us the God who grants repentance to all nations, the gospel of the Lord Jesus turning multitudes, and the people who first bore the name of Christ.
About This Commentary
This is a verse-by-verse study of Acts chapter 11. For each section you will find the KJV text, the Greek words that sharpen the meaning, plain explanation, and a Gospel Focus. Here Peter defends the conversion of the Gentiles, the church rejoices that God has granted them repentance, and the gospel takes root in Antioch, where believers are first called Christians. Every Scripture quotation is from the King James Version.
Setting the Stage
What Was I, That I Could Withstand God?
The Spirit's own act settles the question of the Gentiles.
Repentance Unto Life
God grants the Gentiles repentance that leads to life.
A Great Number Believed
The hand of the Lord turns multitudes to Christ.
Called Christians First
At Antioch the disciples first bear the name of Christ.
God Also to the Gentiles Granted Repentance Unto Life (Acts 11:1-18)
Peter recounts how the Spirit led him to the Gentiles, and the church glorifies God for granting them repentance unto life.
What Was I, That I Could Withstand God?
"And the apostles and brethren that were in Judaea heard that the Gentiles had also received the word of God. And when Peter was come up to Jerusalem, they that were of the circumcision contended with him, Saying, Thou wentest in to men uncircumcised, and didst eat with them. But Peter rehearsed the matter from the beginning, and expounded it by order unto them, saying, I was in the city of Joppa praying: and in a trance I saw a vision, A certain vessel descend, as it had been a great sheet, let down from heaven by four corners; and it came even to me: Upon the which when I had fastened mine eyes, I considered, and saw fourfooted beasts of the earth, and wild beasts, and creeping things, and fowls of the air. And I heard a voice saying unto me, Arise, Peter; slay and eat. But I said, Not so, Lord: for nothing common or unclean hath at any time entered into my mouth. But the voice answered me again from heaven, What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common. And this was done three times: and all were drawn up again into heaven. And, behold, immediately there were three men already come unto the house where I was, sent from Caesarea unto me. And the Spirit bade me go with them, nothing doubting. Moreover these six brethren accompanied me, and we entered into the man's house: And he shewed us how he had seen an angel in his house, which stood and said unto him, Send men to Joppa, and call for Simon, whose surname is Peter; Who shall tell thee words, whereby thou and all thy house shall be saved. And as I began to speak, the Holy Ghost fell on them, as on us at the beginning. Then remembered I the word of the Lord, how that he said, John indeed baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost. Forasmuch then as God gave them the like gift as he did unto us, who believed on the Lord Jesus Christ; what was I, that I could withstand God? When they heard these things, they held their peace, and glorified God, saying, Then hath God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life."
Word Study
"baptized," Greek baptizo (βαπτίζω). The word means to immerse, to dip, to overwhelm, and so to baptize. Peter recalls "the word of the Lord, how that he said, John indeed baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost." There is a baptism in water and a baptism in the Spirit; both are part of the full Apostolic new birth. The baptism in the Holy Ghost is the immersing of the believer in the Spirit of God, the filling and indwelling first given at Pentecost and now poured out on the Gentiles, evidenced by speaking with tongues. To be "baptized with the Holy Ghost" is to be flooded and filled with the Spirit of the one God. Note that Peter treats the Gentiles' receiving of the Spirit as decisive proof of their acceptance: "God gave them the like gift as he did unto us." The same Spirit, the same baptism, the same salvation, for Jew and Gentile alike.
Explanation
Criticized for eating with Gentiles, Peter recounts the whole story -- the vision, the Spirit's command, the outpouring -- and clinches it: "the Holy Ghost fell on them, as on us at the beginning." If God gave them "the like gift," who was Peter "that I could withstand God?" The evidence that convinced Peter and the Jerusalem church was the visible reception of the Spirit, identical to their own. Silenced, they glorify God: "then hath God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life." The church officially recognizes that salvation, by the same Spirit-baptism, is now open to the nations -- a watershed moment.
Gospel Focus
News that "the Gentiles had also received the word of God" reaches Jerusalem, and the strict Jewish believers, "they that were of the circumcision," contend with Peter: "Thou wentest in to men uncircumcised, and didst eat with them." To them this was scandalous, a breach of the deepest boundaries of their nation. Rather than pull rank as an apostle, Peter patiently "rehearsed the matter from the beginning," recounting the whole account: the vision of the sheet, the thrice- repeated "What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common," the arrival of the three men, the Spirit's command to go "nothing doubting," the six brethren who came as witnesses, and Cornelius's testimony of the angel who promised "words, whereby thou and all thy house shall be saved." Then comes the decisive point: "as I began to speak, the Holy Ghost fell on them, as on us at the beginning." God Himself, not Peter, poured out the Spirit; and this recalled to Peter the Lord's own word about being "baptized with the Holy Ghost." Peter's conclusion is unanswerable: "Forasmuch then as God gave them the like gift as he did unto us... what was I, that I could withstand God?" If God had given the Gentiles the identical gift of the Spirit, who was Peter to refuse them? The evidence was God's own act, and no man could argue against it. The response of the church is beautiful: "they held their peace, and glorified God, saying, Then hath God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life." Their objection dissolved into worship. Notice the phrase "repentance unto life": even repentance is God's gift, granted by His grace, and it leads to life. God had opened the door of salvation to the Gentiles, granting them the repentance and the Spirit He had given the Jews. The lesson is enduring: where God has clearly worked, giving His Spirit and granting repentance, no human tradition or prejudice may stand against it. God's own action is the final word, and the fitting response is to glorify Him.
Called Christians First in Antioch (Acts 11:19-30)
The scattered believers plant a great church at Antioch, where the disciples first bear the name of Christ.
A Great Number Believed, and Turned Unto the Lord
"Now they which were scattered abroad upon the persecution that arose about Stephen travelled as far as Phenice, and Cyprus, and Antioch, preaching the word to none but unto the Jews only. And some of them were men of Cyprus and Cyrene, which, when they were come to Antioch, spake unto the Grecians, preaching the Lord Jesus. And the hand of the Lord was with them: and a great number believed, and turned unto the Lord. Then tidings of these things came unto the ears of the church which was in Jerusalem: and they sent forth Barnabas, that he should go as far as Antioch. Who, when he came, and had seen the grace of God, was glad, and exhorted them all, that with purpose of heart they would cleave unto the Lord. For he was a good man, and full of the Holy Ghost and of faith: and much people was added unto the Lord. Then departed Barnabas to Tarsus, for to seek Saul: And when he had found him, he brought him unto Antioch. And it came to pass, that a whole year they assembled themselves with the church, and taught much people. And the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch. And in these days came prophets from Jerusalem unto Antioch. And there stood up one of them named Agabus, and signified by the Spirit that there should be great dearth throughout all the world: which came to pass in the days of Claudius Caesar. Then the disciples, every man according to his ability, determined to send relief unto the brethren which dwelt in Judaea: Which also they did, and sent it to the elders by the hands of Barnabas and Saul."
Word Study
"Christians," Greek Christianos (Χριστιανός). The word means a follower or partisan of Christ, one belonging to Christ; it is formed from Christos, the Anointed One. "And the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch." The name appears only three times in the New Testament, and here first, given to the believers at Antioch, perhaps at first by outsiders who observed that these people were always talking of and living for Christ. Whatever its origin, it fittingly names the disciple: one who belongs to Christ and bears His name. To be a Christian is not to hold an opinion but to belong to the Anointed One, to be marked out by Him and for Him. The name that was first spoken at Antioch is the name we still bear, and it calls us to live worthy of the Christ whose people we are.
Explanation
The persecution that scattered believers becomes the engine of expansion: at Antioch, some begin preaching to Greeks, "and a great number believed." The church sends Barnabas, who, seeing "the grace of God," rejoices and fetches Saul, and for a year they teach the growing congregation. There "the disciples were called Christians first" -- named for the Christ they proclaimed. This mixed Jew-Gentile church becomes the launching point of the world mission, and immediately shows gospel love in action, sending relief to the famine-struck brethren in Judaea. Antioch models a Spirit-formed community: evangelistic, taught, generous, and outward-looking.
Gospel Focus
Luke now traces another stream of the gospel's advance. The believers scattered by the persecution that arose over Stephen carried the word as far as Phenice, Cyprus, and Antioch, at first "preaching the word to none but unto the Jews only." But some, men of Cyprus and Cyrene, took a bolder step at Antioch: they "spake unto the Grecians, preaching the Lord Jesus." What God had done at Cornelius's house was now happening more widely; the gospel of "the Lord Jesus" was offered to Gentiles. And the result was glorious: "the hand of the Lord was with them: and a great number believed, and turned unto the Lord." The power of God accompanied the preaching, and a great turning to Christ followed. When Jerusalem hears, they send Barnabas, and here we see the mark of a good leader: he "had seen the grace of God, was glad," and rejoiced in what God was doing among these new Gentile believers rather than criticizing it. He "exhorted them all, that with purpose of heart they would cleave unto the Lord", urging steadfast, whole-hearted devotion. Luke gives Barnabas a beautiful commendation: "he was a good man, and full of the Holy Ghost and of faith: and much people was added unto the Lord." Recognizing that the growing work needed more teaching, Barnabas goes to Tarsus to seek Saul, the converted persecutor, and brings him to Antioch, where for a whole year they teach the church. It was here that "the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch", the followers of Christ receiving the name that would mark His people ever after. The chapter closes with the church's love in action: warned by the prophet Agabus of a coming famine, the disciples at Antioch, "every man according to his ability," send relief to the poorer brethren in Judaea, by the hands of Barnabas and Saul. Here is the fruit of the gospel: Gentile believers, once outsiders, now sending aid to Jewish believers, knit into one family by the grace of God. The church at Antioch, born of bold preaching and the hand of the Lord, full of teaching, generosity, and the Spirit, becomes the great missionary base from which the gospel would go to the nations, and the place where the name "Christian" was first joyfully worn.
Chapter 11 in Review
Acts 11 confirms and extends the gospel's reach to the Gentiles. Challenged for going to Cornelius, Peter rehearses the whole account, the sheet, the Spirit's command, the promise of salvation, and how "the Holy Ghost fell on them, as on us at the beginning," and concludes, "what was I, that I could withstand God?" The church glorifies God, "Then hath God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life." Then at Antioch, scattered believers preach "the Lord Jesus" to the Greeks, and "the hand of the Lord was with them: and a great number believed." Barnabas rejoices in the grace of God, fetches Saul, and for a whole year they teach the church, where "the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch," and where the believers send famine relief to Judaea.
For the Apostolic reader this chapter drives home the truth that salvation is God's work for all nations. The decisive proof that the Gentiles were accepted was that God gave them "the like gift" of the Holy Ghost, the same baptism in the Spirit promised by the Lord; where God so clearly acts, no tradition or prejudice may stand, and the only fit response is to glorify Him. Even repentance is His gift, "repentance unto life," granted by grace. And the church at Antioch models the vibrant Christian community: bold in preaching the Lord Jesus, blessed by the hand of the Lord in great ingathering, led by good men full of the Holy Ghost and faith who rejoice in God's grace and urge steadfast devotion, strong in teaching, and generous in practical love across every barrier of race. It was such a people, wholly belonging to Christ, who first bore His name as "Christians." So marvel that God has granted repentance and His Spirit to all who believe; cleave to the Lord with purpose of heart; rejoice in His grace wherever it appears; and live worthy of the name of Christ that His people first wore at Antioch.
- God's own giving of the Spirit settles that the Gentiles are received (11:15-17).
- Even repentance is God's gift: "repentance unto life" (11:18).
- The gospel of "the Lord Jesus," with the hand of the Lord, turns multitudes (11:20-21).
- A good leader rejoices in God's grace and urges steadfast devotion (11:23-24).
- The disciples first bore the name "Christians" at Antioch (11:26).
- The church's love crosses every barrier in practical generosity (11:29-30).
Questions for Reflection
- Do you submit to what God has clearly done, even when it challenges your traditions?
- Have you received the repentance unto life and the gift of the Spirit that God grants?
- Do you rejoice in the grace of God at work in others, as Barnabas did?
- Do you live worthy of the name of Christ that you bear?
References & Sources
Scripture is quoted from the King James Version (KJV). Supporting passages are listed so every claim can be verified in its own setting. The Gentiles received into the church: Acts 10:44-48; 15:7-11; Ephesians 3:6. The baptism with the Holy Ghost: Acts 1:5; 2:1-4; Matthew 3:11. Repentance as God's gift: 2 Timothy 2:25; Acts 5:31; Romans 2:4. The gospel to the Greeks at Antioch: Acts 13:1-3; Galatians 2:11. Barnabas the encourager: Acts 4:36-37; 9:27. The name Christian: Acts 26:28; 1 Peter 4:16. Practical love across barriers: Romans 15:25-27; 2 Corinthians 8-9. If anything here does not look right, a verse, a reference, or a wording, please tell us at info@FruitBearers.net. Thank you for helping us keep Bible Learning error free.
- Peter defends the Gentile conversion: Acts 11:1-18; Acts 10:44-48; Acts 15:7-11.
- The church at Antioch: Acts 11:19-30; Acts 13:1-3; 1 Peter 4:16.