Verse-by-Verse Commentary
The Book of Acts
Chapter 10: On the Gentiles Also Was Poured Out the Gift of the Holy Ghost
Acts 10 is the turning point at which the door of the gospel swings open to the Gentiles. Cornelius, a devout Roman centurion, is told by an angel to send for Peter; and Peter, on the housetop, is given a vision of a sheet let down from heaven with all manner of creatures, and a voice, 'What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common.' God was teaching Peter that He 'is no respecter of persons,' and that the good news of 'peace by Jesus Christ' is for every nation, for 'he is Lord of all.' Peter goes to Cornelius's house and preaches Jesus, crucified and risen, 'that through his name whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins.' And while he yet speaks, 'the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word,' the Gentile Pentecost, 'for they heard them speak with tongues, and magnify God.' Then Peter commands them 'to be baptized in the name of the Lord.' The chapter shows us the God who is no respecter of persons, the gospel of remission of sins in the name of Jesus, and the Spirit poured out on all who believe.
About This Commentary
This is a verse-by-verse study of Acts chapter 10. For each section you will find the KJV text, the Greek words that sharpen the meaning, plain explanation, and a Gospel Focus. Here God opens the door of faith to the Gentiles through Cornelius and Peter, pours out the Holy Ghost, and the new believers are baptized in the name of the Lord. Every Scripture quotation is from the King James Version.
Setting the Stage
Call Not Thou Common
God prepares Cornelius and Peter to meet across the old divide.
God Is No Respecter of Persons
The gospel of peace by Jesus Christ is for every nation.
Remission Through His Name
Whosoever believeth receives remission of sins in Jesus' name.
Baptized in the Name of the Lord
The Holy Ghost falls with tongues; they are baptized in Jesus' name.
What God Hath Cleansed, That Call Not Thou Common (Acts 10:1-16)
God prepares a devout Gentile and a reluctant apostle by visions, breaking down the wall between Jew and Gentile.
Rise, Peter; Kill, and Eat
"There was a certain man in Caesarea called Cornelius, a centurion of the band called the Italian band, A devout man, and one that feared God with all his house, which gave much alms to the people, and prayed to God alway. He saw in a vision evidently about the ninth hour of the day an angel of God coming in to him, and saying unto him, Cornelius. And when he looked on him, he was afraid, and said, What is it, Lord? And he said unto him, Thy prayers and thine alms are come up for a memorial before God. And now send men to Joppa, and call for one Simon, whose surname is Peter: He lodgeth with one Simon a tanner, whose house is by the sea side: he shall tell thee what thou oughtest to do. And when the angel which spake unto Cornelius was departed, he called two of his household servants, and a devout soldier of them that waited on him continually; And when he had declared all these things unto them, he sent them to Joppa. On the morrow, as they went on their journey, and drew nigh unto the city, Peter went up upon the housetop to pray about the sixth hour: And he became very hungry, and would have eaten: but while they made ready, he fell into a trance, And saw heaven opened, and a certain vessel descending unto him, as it had been a great sheet knit at the four corners, and let down to the earth: Wherein were all manner of fourfooted beasts of the earth, and wild beasts, and creeping things, and fowls of the air. And there came a voice to him, Rise, Peter; kill, and eat. But Peter said, Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten any thing that is common or unclean. And the voice spake unto him again the second time, What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common. This was done thrice: and the vessel was received up again into heaven."
Word Study
"common," Greek koinos (κοινός). The word means common, shared, and in a ceremonial sense defiled or unclean, that which was not to be touched by a holy people. Peter protests, "I have never eaten any thing that is common or unclean," but the voice answers, "What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common." The vision was about far more than food; it was about people. The old distinctions that made the Gentiles "common" and unclean in Jewish eyes were being abolished, for in the gospel God was cleansing and receiving people of every nation. Peter would soon understand: "God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean." What God has cleansed by the blood of Christ, no one may call defiled; the middle wall of partition is broken down, and the Gentiles are welcomed into the one people of God.
Explanation
God prepares a double vision to break down the wall between Jew and Gentile. Cornelius, a devout Roman centurion who fears God, is told by an angel to send for Peter. Meanwhile Peter, praying on a rooftop, sees a sheet let down full of unclean animals and hears, "Rise, Peter; kill, and eat" -- and when he refuses, "What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common." The vision is about food only on the surface; its real meaning is people. God is teaching Peter that the Gentiles He is about to save are not to be called unclean. The gospel is about to leap the last great barrier.
Gospel Focus
The chapter introduces Cornelius, a Roman centurion, "a devout man, and one that feared God," generous in alms and constant in prayer, yet a Gentile, outside the covenant nation. God takes notice: an angel tells him, "Thy prayers and thine alms are come up for a memorial before God," and directs him to send for Peter. Cornelius's sincere seeking did not save him, for he still needed to hear the gospel and believe; but God honoured his seeking heart by sending him the message of salvation. Meanwhile God prepares Peter, who as a Jew would never have entered a Gentile home. On the housetop, hungry and praying, Peter falls into a trance and sees a sheet let down from heaven full of all kinds of creatures, clean and unclean together, with the command, "Rise, Peter; kill, and eat." Peter, ever ready to speak, objects: "Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten any thing that is common or unclean." But the voice corrects him: "What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common." Three times this happens, driving the lesson home. The vision was not chiefly about dietary laws but about people: God was abolishing the barrier that made Gentiles "unclean" and unreachable, for in Christ He was cleansing and receiving people of every nation. The gospel would no longer be hedged within Israel; the door was opening to the whole world. What God had ordained in eternity, that in Abraham's seed all nations would be blessed, was now coming to pass, and stubborn Peter, with his deep Jewish scruples, had to be taught by a heavenly vision that God plays no favourites. Two visions, one to a seeking Gentile and one to a reluctant Jew, are drawing them together across a divide no man could otherwise have crossed, that the gospel of Jesus Christ might reach the Gentiles.
Now Are We All Here Present Before God (Acts 10:17-33)
Led by the Spirit, Peter goes to Cornelius's house, refuses worship, and hears why he has been summoned.
Stand Up; I Myself Also Am a Man
"Now while Peter doubted in himself what this vision which he had seen should mean, behold, the men which were sent from Cornelius had made enquiry for Simon's house, and stood before the gate, And called, and asked whether Simon, which was surnamed Peter, were lodged there. While Peter thought on the vision, the Spirit said unto him, Behold, three men seek thee. Arise therefore, and get thee down, and go with them, doubting nothing: for I have sent them. Then Peter went down to the men which were sent unto him from Cornelius; and said, Behold, I am he whom ye seek: what is the cause wherefore ye are come? And they said, Cornelius the centurion, a just man, and one that feareth God, and of good report among all the nation of the Jews, was warned from God by an holy angel to send for thee into his house, and to hear words of thee. Then called he them in, and lodged them. And on the morrow Peter went away with them, and certain brethren from Joppa accompanied him. And the morrow after they entered into Caesarea. And Cornelius waited for them, and had called together his kinsmen and near friends. And as Peter was coming in, Cornelius met him, and fell down at his feet, and worshipped him. But Peter took him up, saying, Stand up; I myself also am a man. And as he talked with him, he went in, and found many that were come together. And he said unto them, Ye know how that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company, or come unto one of another nation; but God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean. Therefore came I unto you without gainsaying, as soon as I was sent for: I ask therefore for what intent ye have sent for me? And Cornelius said, Four days ago I was fasting until this hour; and at the ninth hour I prayed in my house, and, behold, a man stood before me in bright clothing, And said, Cornelius, thy prayer is heard, and thine alms are had in remembrance in the sight of God. Send therefore to Joppa, and call hither Simon, whose surname is Peter; he is lodged in the house of one Simon a tanner by the sea side: who, when he cometh, shall speak unto thee. Immediately therefore I sent to thee; and thou hast well done that thou art come. Now therefore are we all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded thee of God."
Word Study
"worshipped," Greek proskuneo (προσκυνέω). The word means to bow down, to do homage, to worship; it is the standard word for the worship due to God. When Cornelius "fell down at his feet, and worshipped him," Peter immediately refuses it: "Stand up; I myself also am a man." A true servant of God will not receive the worship that belongs to God alone; angels likewise refuse it. This throws into sharp relief the response of Jesus, who, when Thomas fell before Him crying "My Lord and my God," did not refuse the worship but received it and blessed the faith, because He is God. Men and angels say, "Stand up; I myself also am a man"; only the Lord Jesus rightly receives worship, for in Him the one God has come. Peter's refusal here quietly confirms the deity of the Christ he preaches.
Explanation
As Peter puzzles over the vision, the Spirit tells him three men are seeking him and to go "nothing doubting." Providence and the Spirit converge: the vision, the messengers, and the inner prompting all align. Peter goes, and entering Cornelius's house -- something no strict Jew would do -- he confesses the lesson learned: "God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean." Cornelius has gathered his household to hear "all things that are commanded thee of God." A Roman soldier's home becomes the threshold of the Gentile mission, and a hungry audience waits for the word.
Gospel Focus
As Peter puzzles over the vision, the men from Cornelius arrive, and the Spirit tells him plainly, "Behold, three men seek thee. Arise therefore, and get thee down, and go with them, doubting nothing: for I have sent them." God removes Peter's hesitation with a direct word of the Spirit; the vision and the summons and the Spirit's command all converge. Peter obeys, taking Jewish brethren from Joppa as witnesses, and comes to Caesarea, where Cornelius has gathered his household and friends, a room full of Gentiles eager to hear. When Cornelius falls at Peter's feet in worship, Peter lifts him up: "Stand up; I myself also am a man." The apostle will not usurp the honour of God; he is a fellow servant, not an object of worship. Then Peter states plainly how far God has brought him: "Ye know how that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company, or come unto one of another nation; but God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean." The vision has done its work; Peter now understands that the wall between Jew and Gentile is broken down, and he has come "without gainsaying." Cornelius recounts his own vision and then speaks the words that make his house a model of readiness to hear the gospel: "Now therefore are we all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded thee of God." Here is a heart prepared: gathered before God, hungry for His word, ready to receive and obey whatever He commands. What a contrast to those who resist the gospel; Cornelius and his household are the good ground, waiting for the seed. God had orchestrated every step, the angel to Cornelius, the sheet to Peter, the Spirit's command, to bring a Gentile household and a Jewish apostle together, that the good news of Jesus might be preached and believed. The stage is set; the door of faith is about to open wide to the nations.
Baptized in the Name of the Lord (Acts 10:34-48)
Peter preaches Christ crucified and risen, the Holy Ghost falls on the Gentiles with tongues, and they are baptized in the name of the Lord.
On the Gentiles Also Was Poured Out the Gift of the Holy Ghost
"Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons: But in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him. The word which God sent unto the children of Israel, preaching peace by Jesus Christ: (he is Lord of all:) That word, I say, ye know, which was published throughout all Judaea, and began from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached; How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him. And we are witnesses of all things which he did both in the land of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom they slew and hanged on a tree: Him God raised up the third day, and shewed him openly; Not to all the people, but unto witnesses chosen before of God, even to us, who did eat and drink with him after he rose from the dead. And he commanded us to preach unto the people, and to testify that it is he which was ordained of God to be the Judge of quick and dead. To him give all the prophets witness, that through his name whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins. While Peter yet spake these words, the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word. And they of the circumcision which believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because that on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Ghost. For they heard them speak with tongues, and magnify God. Then answered Peter, Can any man forbid water, that these should not be baptized, which have received the Holy Ghost as well as we? And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of the Lord. Then prayed they him to tarry certain days."
Word Study
"tongues," Greek glossa (γλῶσσα). The word means the tongue, and by extension a language. "The Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word... For they heard them speak with tongues, and magnify God." This is the same sign that accompanied the outpouring of the Spirit on the day of Pentecost in Acts 2, when the believers "began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance." Here it is repeated on the Gentiles, and it was this very sign, speaking with tongues, that convinced Peter and the Jewish believers that God had truly given the Gentiles the same gift of the Holy Ghost "as well as we." The speaking with tongues was the unmistakable, audible evidence that these Gentiles had received the Spirit exactly as the Jews had at Pentecost, so that none could deny their full inclusion. The Apostolic pattern is one: the Holy Ghost received, with the sign of tongues, and then baptism in the name of Jesus.
Explanation
Peter preaches that "God is no respecter of persons," and that in every nation those who fear Him are accepted -- then proclaims Jesus, His ministry, death, and resurrection, and "whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins." As he is still speaking, "the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word," and the astonished Jewish believers hear the Gentiles "speak with tongues, and magnify God" -- the identical evidence of Pentecost (2:4). God Himself settles the question by pouring out His Spirit on Gentiles, and Peter commands them to be baptized "in the name of the Lord." The Gentile Pentecost proves that the promise of Acts 2:38-39 reaches "all that are afar off" -- the whole world.
Gospel Focus
Peter begins with the great lesson God has taught him: "Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons: But in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him." God shows no partiality of race; the gospel is for every nation. Then Peter preaches Christ. He proclaims "peace by Jesus Christ", and adds a phrase full of glory: "(he is Lord of all)." Jesus Christ is Lord of all, of Jew and Gentile, of heaven and earth, the one Lord God. Peter recounts the gospel history: how God "anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power," how He "went about doing good," how "they slew and hanged him on a tree," and how "God raised him up the third day, and shewed him openly" to chosen witnesses who ate and drank with the risen Lord. He is "ordained of God to be the Judge of quick and dead." And then the heart of the message, to which all the prophets testify: "that through his name whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins." Salvation is through the name of Jesus, received by faith, and it is for "whosoever", every nation, every person who believes. Then, remarkably, "While Peter yet spake these words, the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word." God interrupts the sermon to pour out His Spirit, and the Jewish believers are "astonished" that "on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Ghost." How did they know? "For they heard them speak with tongues, and magnify God." The same sign as Pentecost, speaking with tongues, marked the same gift, so that no one could doubt the Gentiles had received the Holy Ghost exactly as the Jews had. This settles the question: the Spirit is for the Gentiles too, without their first becoming Jews. Peter then draws the obvious conclusion for baptism: "Can any man forbid water, that these should not be baptized, which have received the Holy Ghost as well as we?" And "he commanded them to be baptized in the name of the Lord." Note the Apostolic baptismal formula, exactly as in every account in Acts: baptism "in the name of the Lord," in the name of Jesus, for there is one name, the name of Jesus, in whom remission of sins is found. The Gentile Pentecost thus confirms the whole Apostolic pattern of salvation: hear the gospel, believe on Jesus for the remission of sins, receive the Holy Ghost with the sign of tongues, and be baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. God is no respecter of persons; the door of faith is open to all nations, and all who come receive the same Spirit and the same salvation in the same name.
Chapter 10 in Review
Acts 10 is the opening of the gospel to the Gentiles. God prepares the devout centurion Cornelius by an angel and the reluctant apostle Peter by the vision of the sheet, teaching, "What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common." Led by the Spirit, Peter enters a Gentile home, refuses Cornelius's worship, "I myself also am a man," and preaches Christ, crucified and risen, "he is Lord of all," declaring that "through his name whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins." While he yet speaks, "the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word," and the Jewish believers know it because "they heard them speak with tongues, and magnify God." Then Peter commands them "to be baptized in the name of the Lord."
For the Apostolic reader this chapter is foundational. It proclaims that "God is no respecter of persons": the gospel is for every nation, and no one is too far, too foreign, or too unclean for the cleansing blood of Christ. It preaches the one Lord: Jesus Christ, anointed with the Holy Ghost, crucified, risen, and ordained Judge of all, "he is Lord of all," and salvation is "through his name," received by faith, "whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins." And it displays the whole Apostolic pattern of the new birth in unmistakable form: these Gentiles heard the word and believed, the Holy Ghost fell on them with the sign of speaking with tongues, exactly as at Pentecost, and they were baptized "in the name of the Lord," in the name of Jesus, the one saving name. This is the consistent baptismal practice of the whole book of Acts, in the singular name of Jesus, and it confirms that there is one God, one Lord, one name, one Spirit, and one salvation for Jew and Gentile alike. So take courage that the gospel is for you, whoever you are; believe on the Lord Jesus for the remission of your sins; receive the gift of the Holy Ghost; and be baptized in His name, for God is no respecter of persons, and He pours out the same Spirit on all who call upon Him.
- God cleanses and receives people of every nation; call no man common (10:15, 28).
- True servants refuse worship; it belongs to the Lord alone (10:26).
- "God is no respecter of persons"; the gospel is for all nations (10:34-35).
- Jesus Christ "is Lord of all," and remission of sins is through His name (10:36, 43).
- The Holy Ghost fell with the sign of tongues, as at Pentecost (10:44-46).
- They were baptized "in the name of the Lord," the Apostolic pattern (10:48).
Questions for Reflection
- Do you believe the gospel is truly for every person, showing no partiality?
- Have you received remission of sins through the name of Jesus?
- Have you received the gift of the Holy Ghost as the early church did?
- Have you been baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus?
References & Sources
Scripture is quoted from the King James Version (KJV). Supporting passages are listed so every claim can be verified in its own setting. The wall between Jew and Gentile broken: Ephesians 2:11-22; Galatians 3:28; Genesis 12:3. God no respecter of persons: Romans 2:11; Deuteronomy 10:17; James 2:1. Jesus Lord of all and Judge: Romans 10:12; Acts 17:31; Philippians 2:9-11. Remission of sins through His name: Acts 2:38; 4:12; Luke 24:47. The outpouring of the Spirit with tongues: Acts 2:1-4; 19:6; Joel 2:28-29. Baptism in the name of the Lord Jesus: Acts 2:38; 8:16; 19:5; 22:16. If anything here does not look right, a verse, a reference, or a wording, please tell us at info@FruitBearers.net. Thank you for helping us keep Bible Learning error free.
- The vision of Cornelius and Peter: Acts 10:1-16; Ephesians 2:11-22; Genesis 12:3.
- Peter comes to Cornelius: Acts 10:17-33; Romans 2:11; James 2:1.
- Peter's sermon and the Gentile Pentecost: Acts 10:34-48; Acts 2:38; 4:12.