Verse-by-Verse Commentary
The Book of Acts
Chapter 5: We Ought to Obey God
The young church is powerful, but it is not without danger from within and without. Ananias and Sapphira lie about their gift and fall dead, a sobering reminder that God is holy and the Spirit is not to be mocked. Then the apostles, arrested and commanded to stop preaching, give the answer that has echoed through every age of persecution: we ought to obey God rather than men. Beaten and threatened, they leave rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for His name. Acts 5 shows a holy church and a bold church.
About This Commentary
This is a verse-by-verse study of Acts chapter 5. For each section you will find the KJV text, word studies that sharpen the meaning, plain explanation, and a Gospel Focus. This chapter shows the holiness of the church and the boldness of the apostles under persecution. Every Scripture quotation is from the King James Version.
Setting the Stage
Ananias and Sapphira
A couple sells property and lies about the price, pretending to give it all. Their deceit against the Holy Spirit brings sudden death, and great fear falls on the church.
Signs and Growth
The apostles work many signs and wonders, and the church grows. Arrested and jailed, they are freed by an angel and return to preach in the temple.
Obey God, Not Men
Hauled before the council and forbidden to preach, the apostles refuse to be silenced: we ought to obey God rather than men.
Holy and Bold
God guards the purity of His church and emboldens it under persecution. The apostles rejoice to suffer for the name of Jesus and never stop preaching Him.
You Have Not Lied to Men but to God (Acts 5:3-4)
A hidden sin in the church is exposed, and its true nature revealed.
Lied to the Holy Spirit
"But a certain man named Ananias, with Sapphira his wife, sold a possession, And kept back part of the price, his wife also being privy to it, and brought a certain part, and laid it at the apostles' feet. But Peter said, Ananias, why hath Satan filled thine heart to lie to the Holy Ghost, and to keep back part of the price of the land? Whiles it remained, was it not thine own? and after it was sold, was it not in thine own power? why hast thou conceived this thing in thine heart? thou hast not lied unto men, but unto God. And Ananias hearing these words fell down, and gave up the ghost: and great fear came on all them that heard these things. And the young men arose, wound him up, and carried him out, and buried him. And it was about the space of three hours after, when his wife, not knowing what was done, came in. And Peter answered unto her, Tell me whether ye sold the land for so much? And she said, Yea, for so much. Then Peter said unto her, How is it that ye have agreed together to tempt the Spirit of the Lord? behold, the feet of them which have buried thy husband are at the door, and shall carry thee out. Then fell she down straightway at his feet, and yielded up the ghost: and the young men came in, and found her dead, and, carrying her forth, buried her by her husband. And great fear came upon all the church, and upon as many as heard these things. And by the hands of the apostles were many signs and wonders wrought among the people; (and they were all with one accord in Solomon's porch. And of the rest durst no man join himself to them: but the people magnified them. And believers were the more added to the Lord, multitudes both of men and women.) Insomuch that they brought forth the sick into the streets, and laid them on beds and couches, that at the least the shadow of Peter passing by might overshadow some of them. There came also a multitude out of the cities round about unto Jerusalem, bringing sick folks, and them which were vexed with unclean spirits: and they were healed every one. Then the high priest rose up, and all they that were with him, (which is the sect of the Sadducees,) and were filled with indignation, And laid their hands on the apostles, and put them in the common prison. But the angel of the Lord by night opened the prison doors, and brought them forth, and said, Go, stand and speak in the temple to the people all the words of this life. And when they heard that, they entered into the temple early in the morning, and taught. But the high priest came, and they that were with him, and called the council together, and all the senate of the children of Israel, and sent to the prison to have them brought. But when the officers came, and found them not in the prison, they returned, and told, Saying, The prison truly found we shut with all safety, and the keepers standing without before the doors: but when we had opened, we found no man within. Now when the high priest and the captain of the temple and the chief priests heard these things, they doubted of them whereunto this would grow. Then came one and told them, saying, Behold, the men whom ye put in prison are standing in the temple, and teaching the people. Then went the captain with the officers, and brought them without violence: for they feared the people, lest they should have been stoned. And when they had brought them, they set them before the council: and the high priest asked them, Saying, Did not we straitly command you that ye should not teach in this name? and, behold, ye have filled Jerusalem with your doctrine, and intend to bring this man's blood upon us."
Greek Study
Peter charges Ananias, "why hath Satan filled thine heart to lie to the Holy Ghost?" -- then in the same breath, "thou hast not lied unto men, but unto God." The two statements are one: to lie to the Holy Ghost is to lie to God, for the Holy Ghost is God, not a lesser being. The Greek pseudomai (ψεύδομαι), to lie or deceive, is aimed at the Spirit and identified as aimed at God. This is a plain Apostolic affirmation of the full deity of the Spirit -- the one God who indwells the church is the God against whom the sin is committed.
Explanation
Ananias and Sapphira sell property and secretly keep back part of the price while pretending to give it all -- their sin is not the withholding (the money was their own) but the lie of hypocrisy before God and His church. The instant judgment that falls on them, striking both dead, shows the awful holiness of the Spirit newly poured out on the community. "Great fear came upon all the church," for God will not be mocked in the midst of His people. The same Spirit whose presence brings power and generosity (4:31-35) will not tolerate deceit in the house He fills.
Gospel Focus
Ananias and Sapphira were free to give any amount; their sin was not the size of the gift but the lie, pretending to give all while keeping back part, to gain a reputation for generosity. Peter names it plainly: they had lied "to the Holy Spirit," and, "You have not lied to men but to God." Notice the seamless truth here: to lie to the Holy Spirit is to lie to God, for the Spirit is God. This sobering episode reveals that God is holy and sees the heart; hypocrisy in His house is no small thing. The same church that overflowed with generosity and power was guarded by God's holiness. "Great fear came upon all" (verse 11), and rightly so. God still calls His people to sincerity; He desires "truth in the inward parts" (Psalm 51:6), not a show of devotion that masks a divided heart.
Obey God Rather Than Men (Acts 5:29)
Forbidden to preach, the apostles state the principle that governs every conflict of authority.
We Ought to Obey God
"Then Peter and the other apostles answered and said, We ought to obey God rather than men. The God of our fathers raised up Jesus, whom ye slew and hanged on a tree. Him hath God exalted with his right hand to be a Prince and a Saviour, for to give repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins. And we are his witnesses of these things; and so is also the Holy Ghost, whom God hath given to them that obey him. When they heard that, they were cut to the heart, and took counsel to slay them. Then stood there up one in the council, a Pharisee, named Gamaliel, a doctor of the law, had in reputation among all the people, and commanded to put the apostles forth a little space; And said unto them, Ye men of Israel, take heed to yourselves what ye intend to do as touching these men. For before these days rose up Theudas, boasting himself to be somebody; to whom a number of men, about four hundred, joined themselves: who was slain; and all, as many as obeyed him, were scattered, and brought to nought. After this man rose up Judas of Galilee in the days of the taxing, and drew away much people after him: he also perished; and all, even as many as obeyed him, were dispersed. And now I say unto you, Refrain from these men, and let them alone: for if this counsel or this work be of men, it will come to nought: But if it be of God, ye cannot overthrow it; lest haply ye be found even to fight against God. And to him they agreed: and when they had called the apostles, and beaten them, they commanded that they should not speak in the name of Jesus, and let them go."
Greek Study
Hauled again before the council, Peter answers with the church's charter of holy defiance: "We ought to obey God rather than men" -- peitharchein dei theo mallon e anthropois. The verb peitharcheo means to submit to authority, to render obedience; when human commands collide with God's, the higher allegiance governs. This is not rebellion for its own sake but the settled priority of the Spirit-filled: God's authority outranks every earthly power. It becomes the church's answer whenever the state forbids what God commands.
Explanation
Forbidden to preach in the name of Jesus, the apostles refuse to be silenced, testifying that the God of their fathers raised up Jesus, "whom ye slew and hanged on a tree," and exalted Him "to be a Prince and a Saviour, for to give repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins." Enraged, the council wants to kill them, but Gamaliel counsels caution: if this work is of men it will fail, but if it is of God, "ye cannot overthrow it," lest they be "found even to fight against God." The apostles are beaten and released -- and the gospel advances, unstoppable because it is God's own work.
Gospel Focus
The council had commanded the apostles not to preach in the name of Jesus, but they had a command from a higher throne: "Go... and speak in the temple to the people all the words of this life" (verse 20). So they answered, "We ought to obey God rather than men." This is a vital principle: God's people are to honor human authority, but not when it commands us to disobey God. When the law of man contradicts the law of God, God must be obeyed, whatever the cost. The apostles did not seek rebellion for its own sake; they simply could not stop proclaiming Christ. As Peter said earlier, "we cannot but speak the things which we have seen and heard" (Acts 4:20). This is not a license for lawlessness but a call to supreme loyalty: when Caesar and Christ conflict, the Christian belongs to Christ. Obey God rather than men, and trust Him with the consequences.
Counted Worthy for His Name (Acts 5:41-42)
Beaten and threatened, the apostles respond in a way only grace explains.
They Did Not Cease Teaching
"And they departed from the presence of the council, rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for his name. And daily in the temple, and in every house, they ceased not to teach and preach Jesus Christ."
Greek Study
Beaten for the name, the apostles depart "rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for his name." The verb kataxioo means to be deemed worthy, counted deserving of an honor -- and they regard suffering disgrace for Jesus' name as a privilege bestowed, not a burden endured. The name (onoma) that saves and heals is now the name they are honored to suffer for. This is the deep Apostolic paradox: shame borne for the name of Jesus is counted the highest dignity.
Explanation
The apostles leave the council not crushed but rejoicing -- the first of many times Acts shows suffering for Christ as joy, not defeat. Undeterred by the beating and the ban, "daily in the temple, and in every house, they ceased not to teach and preach Jesus Christ." Opposition only accelerates the mission. The threat meant to silence them becomes the occasion for bolder, wider proclamation -- house to house, day after day -- for the church cannot but speak the name it loves, and counts the cost of doing so pure gain.
Gospel Focus
The apostles were beaten, yet they left "rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for His name." This is one of the great marks of the Spirit-filled church: it counts suffering for Jesus not a disgrace but an honor. To be shamed for the name of Christ is to share in His sufferings, and the early believers rejoiced in it. Notice the result: threats and beatings did not silence them; "daily... they did not cease teaching and preaching Jesus as the Christ." Persecution did not shrink the church; it fueled it. Where the world thought to stamp out the gospel, the gospel only spread. This is the resilience of a church that obeys God rather than men and counts it joy to suffer for His name. May we have the same spirit: undeterred by opposition, rejoicing to belong to Christ, and never ceasing to proclaim Him.
Chapter 5 in Review
Acts 5 shows a church that is both holy and bold. Ananias and Sapphira lie about their gift, pretending to give all, and their deceit against the Holy Spirit, which is deceit against God, brings sudden judgment and great fear. The apostles work many signs, are arrested, freed by an angel, and rearrested. Forbidden to preach, they declare, "We ought to obey God rather than men," and, though beaten, they depart rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for His name, never ceasing to preach Jesus as the Christ.
For the Apostolic reader, this chapter holds together God's holiness and the church's courage. God guards the purity of His people; hypocrisy in His house is serious, for He sees the heart. And when human authority forbids what God commands, the church must obey God rather than men, whatever the cost. The Spirit-filled believer counts suffering for the name of Jesus an honor, not a shame, and cannot be silenced. A holy church and a bold church, guarded by God's holiness and emboldened by His Spirit, still turns the world upside down for Christ.
- To lie to the Holy Spirit is to lie to God; He is holy and sees the heart (Psalm 51:6).
- God's people honor human authority, but obey God rather than men when they conflict.
- The Spirit-filled church counts suffering for Jesus' name an honor, not a shame.
- Persecution does not silence a bold church; it only spreads the gospel further.
Questions for Reflection
- God desires truth in the inward parts. Is there any hypocrisy or divided heart He is calling you to lay down?
- When have you faced a conflict between obeying people and obeying God? How did you respond?
- The apostles rejoiced to suffer for Christ's name. Can you count opposition for Jesus an honor?
References & Sources
Scripture is quoted from the King James Version (KJV). Supporting passages are listed so every claim can be verified in its own setting. If anything here does not look right, a verse, a reference, or a wording, please tell us at info@FruitBearers.net. Thank you for helping us keep Bible Learning error free.
- Ananias and Sapphira lying to the Holy Spirit: Acts 5:1-11; Psalm 51:6.
- Signs and wonders and the church's growth: Acts 5:12-16.
- Obeying God rather than men: Acts 5:27-32; 4:19-20.
- Rejoicing to suffer shame for His name: Acts 5:40-42; 1 Peter 4:14-16.
- Gamaliel's counsel: Acts 5:33-39.