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Verse-by-Verse Commentary

The Book of Acts

Chapter 16: What Must I Do to Be Saved?

Acts 16 carries the gospel into Europe. Paul takes Timothy along, and, forbidden by the Spirit to go into Asia, receives the Macedonian call, a vision of a man crying, 'Come over into Macedonia, and help us.' At Philippi the Lord opens the heart of Lydia, a seller of purple, and she and her household are baptized. When Paul casts a spirit of divination out of a slave girl 'in the name of Jesus Christ,' her angry masters have Paul and Silas beaten and thrown into prison. But at midnight they pray and sing praises, and a great earthquake shakes the prison and opens every door. The jailer, about to kill himself, is stopped by Paul, and falls trembling before them, crying, 'Sirs, what must I do to be saved?' They answer, 'Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thy house,' and that same hour he is baptized, he and all his, rejoicing. The chapter shows us the Spirit directing the mission, the Lord opening hearts to believe, the power of the name of Jesus over evil spirits, and the simple gospel answer to the greatest question of all.

About This Commentary

This is a verse-by-verse study of Acts chapter 16. For each section you will find the KJV text, the Greek words that sharpen the meaning, plain explanation, and a Gospel Focus. Here the Spirit leads Paul into Macedonia, the Lord opens Lydia's heart, a slave girl is delivered in Jesus' name, and the Philippian jailer is saved. Every Scripture quotation is from the King James Version.

Setting the Stage

The Call

Come Over Into Macedonia

The Spirit directs the mission and opens Lydia's heart.

The Name

In the Name of Jesus Christ

A spirit of divination is cast out by the name of Jesus.

The Prison

Prayed, and Sang Praises

At midnight, praise brings an earthquake and open doors.

The Jailer

What Must I Do to Be Saved?

Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and be saved.

The Macedonian Call and Lydia

Whose Heart the Lord Opened (Acts 16:1-15)

Guided by the Spirit into Macedonia, Paul finds Lydia, whose heart the Lord opens to receive the gospel.

Acts 16:1-15

Come Over Into Macedonia, and Help Us

"Then came he to Derbe and Lystra: and, behold, a certain disciple was there, named Timotheus, the son of a certain woman, which was a Jewess, and believed; but his father was a Greek: Which was well reported of by the brethren that were at Lystra and Iconium. Him would Paul have to go forth with him; and took and circumcised him because of the Jews which were in those quarters: for they knew all that his father was a Greek. And as they went through the cities, they delivered them the decrees for to keep, that were ordained of the apostles and elders which were at Jerusalem. And so were the churches established in the faith, and increased in number daily. Now when they had gone throughout Phrygia and the region of Galatia, and were forbidden of the Holy Ghost to preach the word in Asia, After they were come to Mysia, they assayed to go into Bithynia: but the Spirit suffered them not. And they passing by Mysia came down to Troas. And a vision appeared to Paul in the night; There stood a man of Macedonia, and prayed him, saying, Come over into Macedonia, and help us. And after he had seen the vision, immediately we endeavoured to go into Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us for to preach the gospel unto them. Therefore loosing from Troas, we came with a straight course to Samothracia, and the next day to Neapolis; And from thence to Philippi, which is the chief city of that part of Macedonia, and a colony: and we were in that city abiding certain days. And on the sabbath we went out of the city by a river side, where prayer was wont to be made; and we sat down, and spake unto the women which resorted thither. And a certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira, which worshipped God, heard us: whose heart the Lord opened, that she attended unto the things which were spoken of Paul. And when she was baptized, and her household, she besought us, saying, If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house, and abide there. And she constrained us."

Word Study

"opened," Greek dianoigo (διανοίγω). The word means to open thoroughly, to open what was closed. "A certain woman named Lydia... heard us: whose heart the Lord opened, that she attended unto the things which were spoken of Paul." Lydia was a worshipper of God, sincere and seeking, yet her salvation is traced not to her own resolve but to God: "the Lord opened" her heart. Faith itself is a gift; no one truly attends to the gospel and believes unless God opens the heart. This is the same word used of the risen Christ opening the Scriptures and the understanding of His disciples; the Lord who opens the Word also opens the heart to receive it. Lydia's conversion beautifully joins divine grace and human response: the Lord opened her heart, and she attended, believed, and was baptized. Salvation is God's work from first to last, and He opens hearts to Himself.

Explanation

Paul takes young Timothy as a companion, and the second journey is redirected by the Spirit, who forbids Asia and Bithynia until the Macedonian vision calls them to Europe: "Come over into Macedonia, and help us." The gospel crosses into a new continent by the Spirit's guidance, not human planning. At Philippi, by a riverside, the Lord "opened the heart" of Lydia, a seller of purple, so that she attended to Paul's words -- salvation is God's work in the heart -- and she and her household are baptized. The first European convert is a businesswoman whose opened heart opens her home to the missionaries.

Gospel Focus

Revisiting the churches, Paul finds Timothy, a young disciple well reported of, and takes him along, circumcising him because of the Jews, not for salvation, which the previous chapter settled comes by grace, but for the sake of the gospel's reception among Jews who knew his father was Greek. Paul, free in Christ, would become "all things to all men" to win some, choosing when to yield in matters indifferent for the gospel's sake. As they travel, they deliver the Jerusalem decrees, and "so were the churches established in the faith, and increased in number daily." Then comes a striking instance of the Spirit's direction: they are "forbidden of the Holy Ghost to preach the word in Asia," and when they try Bithynia, "the Spirit suffered them not." God closes doors as well as opens them, guiding His servants where He wills. At Troas, Paul sees the Macedonian vision, "Come over into Macedonia, and help us", and they conclude "the Lord had called us for to preach the gospel unto them." (Notice the "we" that begins here, Luke himself joining the company.) Obeying the vision, they cross into Europe and come to Philippi. There, at a riverside place of prayer, they speak to the gathered women, and God works the first European conversion. Lydia, a businesswoman and worshipper of God, hears, and "the Lord opened" her heart to receive the message. Her response is immediate and complete: she and her household are baptized, and she constrains the apostles to lodge in her home, the first fruits of the gospel in Europe and the beginning of the Philippian church. The section shows the Spirit sovereignly directing the mission, forbidding here, calling there, and the Lord Himself opening hearts to believe. Paul planted and watered, but God gave the increase; He who called the missionaries to Macedonia is the same who opened Lydia's heart to the gospel they preached.

The Slave Girl Delivered and the Apostles Imprisoned

I Command Thee in the Name of Jesus Christ (Acts 16:16-24)

Paul casts out a spirit of divination in the name of Jesus, and he and Silas are beaten and imprisoned.

Acts 16:16-24

He Came Out the Same Hour

"And it came to pass, as we went to prayer, a certain damsel possessed with a spirit of divination met us, which brought her masters much gain by soothsaying: The same followed Paul and us, and cried, saying, These men are the servants of the most high God, which shew unto us the way of salvation. And this did she many days. But Paul, being grieved, turned and said to the spirit, I command thee in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her. And he came out the same hour. And when her masters saw that the hope of their gains was gone, they caught Paul and Silas, and drew them into the marketplace unto the rulers, And brought them to the magistrates, saying, These men, being Jews, do exceedingly trouble our city, And teach customs, which are not lawful for us to receive, neither to observe, being Romans. And the multitude rose up together against them: and the magistrates rent off their clothes, and commanded to beat them. And when they had laid many stripes upon them, they cast them into prison, charging the jailor to keep them safely: Who, having received such a charge, thrust them into the inner prison, and made their feet fast in the stocks."

Word Study

"divination," Greek python (πύθων). The phrase "a spirit of divination" is literally "a spirit of Python," a term drawn from the mythical serpent associated with the oracle at Delphi, and used for a spirit that gave false, occult prophecy. This was no harmless fortune-telling but demonic bondage, and it made money for the girl's masters "by soothsaying." Though the spirit spoke truth, "These men are the servants of the most high God," Paul would not accept the testimony of a demon, for the God of truth needs no help from the father of lies. Grieved, Paul commands, "I command thee in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her," and "he came out the same hour." The name of Jesus Christ has authority over every evil spirit; at that name the powers of darkness must flee. What witchcraft, money, and bondage held fast, the name of Jesus set free instantly.

Explanation

A demon-possessed slave girl, exploited by her masters for fortune-telling, follows Paul crying out the truth -- "these men are the servants of the most high God" -- until Paul casts out the spirit in the name of Jesus. Her deliverance destroys her masters' profit, and greed turns to violence: Paul and Silas are beaten and thrown into the inner prison, feet fast in the stocks. The clash lays bare a recurring theme -- the gospel threatens those who profit from bondage, and its messengers pay in blood. Yet the prison that looks like defeat is about to become a pulpit for the power of God.

Gospel Focus

As the apostles go to prayer, a slave girl "possessed with a spirit of divination" follows them, crying, "These men are the servants of the most high God, which shew unto us the way of salvation." Her words were true, but Paul would not have the gospel commended by a demon; the testimony of an unclean spirit, even when accurate, is not the endorsement God seeks. After many days, "grieved" both for the girl's bondage and the dishonour to God, Paul turns and commands the spirit, "I command thee in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her. And he came out the same hour." The authority is not in Paul but in the name of Jesus; at that name the demon must obey. The girl is set free, body and soul, by the power of Christ. But her deliverance costs her masters their profits, "the hope of their gains was gone", and greed turns to fury. They seize Paul and Silas and drag them to the magistrates, but they cannot admit their real grievance, lost money, so they cloak it in prejudice and patriotism: "These men, being Jews, do exceedingly trouble our city, and teach customs, which are not lawful for us to receive, neither to observe, being Romans." Stirred by the mob, the magistrates, without trial, "rent off their clothes, and commanded to beat them," and after "many stripes" cast them into the inner prison with their feet in the stocks. So the servants of God, having freed a captive by the name of Jesus, are themselves made captives; doing good brought them suffering. This is the paradox of gospel ministry: the same power that delivers the oppressed provokes the hatred of those whose kingdom of darkness and greed it threatens. Yet the story is not over; the God whose name cast out the demon is about to shake the prison itself. The name of Jesus, mighty to deliver the slave girl, will prove mighty to open every prison door.

The Earthquake and the Jailer's Salvation

Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ (Acts 16:25-40)

Midnight praise brings an earthquake, and the jailer, asking how to be saved, believes and is baptized with all his house.

Acts 16:25-40

And Thou Shalt Be Saved, and Thy House

"And at midnight Paul and Silas prayed, and sang praises unto God: and the prisoners heard them. And suddenly there was a great earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken: and immediately all the doors were opened, and every one's bands were loosed. And the keeper of the prison awaking out of his sleep, and seeing the prison doors open, he drew out his sword, and would have killed himself, supposing that the prisoners had been fled. But Paul cried with a loud voice, saying, Do thyself no harm: for we are all here. Then he called for a light, and sprang in, and came trembling, and fell down before Paul and Silas, And brought them out, and said, Sirs, what must I do to be saved? And they said, Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thy house. And they spake unto him the word of the Lord, and to all that were in his house. And he took them the same hour of the night, and washed their stripes; and was baptized, he and all his, straightway. And when he had brought them into his house, he set meat before them, and rejoiced, believing in God with all his house. And when it was day, the magistrates sent the serjeants, saying, Let those men go. And the keeper of the prison told this saying to Paul, The magistrates have sent to let you go: now therefore depart, and go in peace. But Paul said unto them, They have beaten us openly uncondemned, being Romans, and have cast us into prison; and now do they thrust us out privily? nay verily; but let them come themselves and fetch us out. And the serjeants told these words unto the magistrates: and they feared, when they heard that they were Romans. And they came and besought them, and brought them out, and desired them to depart out of the city. And they went out of the prison, and entered into the house of Lydia: and when they had seen the brethren, they comforted them, and departed."

Word Study

"be saved," Greek sozo (σῴζω). The word means to save, to rescue, to make whole, and is the great gospel word for salvation from sin and its penalty. The jailer's cry, "what must I do to be saved (sozo)?", is the most important question a person can ask, and the apostles' answer is the heart of the gospel: "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved." Salvation is received by faith in the Lord Jesus Christ; it is not earned but believed. Yet faith is no bare mental assent, for the same night the jailer "was baptized, he and all his, straightway", believing and being baptized together, exactly the Apostolic pattern. To "believe on the Lord Jesus Christ" is to trust Him wholly as Lord and Saviour, a faith that turns to Him, obeys Him, and is expressed in baptism in His name. The one who so believes is saved, and knows the joy the jailer knew.

Explanation

At midnight, bleeding and chained, Paul and Silas pray and sing -- and God answers with an earthquake that opens every door and looses every chain. When the jailer, about to kill himself, cries, "what must I do to be saved?" the answer is "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thy house" -- and that very hour he and all his household are baptized, faith at once obeying in the water. The night that began in a dungeon ends with a saved family rejoicing and washing the missionaries' wounds. God turns the deepest prison into the birthplace of a church, proving that no chain can bind His word.

Gospel Focus

Bruised and chained in the inner prison, Paul and Silas do a remarkable thing: "at midnight Paul and Silas prayed, and sang praises unto God: and the prisoners heard them." No complaint, no despair, but worship in the darkness, and the other prisoners listened to this strange music of joy in suffering. Then God answers: "suddenly there was a great earthquake... and immediately all the doors were opened, and every one's bands were loosed." The jailer, waking to see the doors open, assumes the prisoners have fled and, facing execution for their escape, draws his sword to kill himself. But Paul cries, "Do thyself no harm: for we are all here." No prisoner had fled; the grace that shook the prison also restrained the captives, that the jailer might be saved. Trembling, the jailer calls for a light, falls before Paul and Silas, and asks the greatest of all questions: "Sirs, what must I do to be saved?" Something in the prayer, the praises, the earthquake, and the mercy that spared his life has awakened him to his need. The answer is the pure gospel: "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thy house." Salvation is by faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, offered to him and to his household. They preach "the word of the Lord... to all that were in his house," and the response is immediate and whole-hearted: he washes their wounds (the beaten men now tended by their converted jailer), "and was baptized, he and all his, straightway." Belief and baptism go together, that very hour. Then he feeds them and rejoices, "believing in God with all his house." A night that began in beating and chains ends in salvation, baptism, and joy for a whole household. The next day the magistrates, wanting quietly to release Paul and Silas, are met with Paul's insistence on his rights as a Roman citizen: they had been beaten and imprisoned "uncondemned, being Romans," and Paul will not slip away privately but requires the magistrates to come themselves, both to vindicate the gospel's messengers publicly and to protect the young church. The alarmed magistrates come and beg them to leave. Paul and Silas return to Lydia's house, comfort the new believers, and depart. The Philippian church, born of an opened heart, a delivered slave girl, and a saved jailer, is planted; and the chapter's great gift to the church of every age is the clear answer to the sinner's cry: "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved."

Chapter 16 in Review

Acts 16 brings the gospel into Europe. The Spirit forbids Asia and calls Paul by a vision to Macedonia, and at Philippi "the Lord opened" the heart of Lydia, who with her household is baptized. Paul casts a spirit of divination out of a slave girl "in the name of Jesus Christ," and for it he and Silas are beaten and imprisoned. But at midnight they "prayed, and sang praises unto God," and an earthquake opens every door. The jailer, about to kill himself, is spared and cries, "Sirs, what must I do to be saved?" and receives the gospel answer, "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thy house," and is baptized with all his house, rejoicing. The next day Paul stands on his Roman rights, and they depart in honour.

For the Apostolic reader this chapter is rich with the ways of God in salvation. The mission is directed by the Spirit, who closes some doors and opens others, and calls His servants where He wills. Conversion is God's work: the Lord opened Lydia's heart, for faith is His gift, and no one attends to the gospel and believes unless God draws him. The name of Jesus Christ has authority over every evil spirit; what witchcraft and bondage held fast, that name set free in an hour. And the heart of the gospel shines in the jailer's cry and the apostles' answer: to the greatest question, "what must I do to be saved?", the answer is not works or law but faith, "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved." Yet this faith is living and obedient, for the jailer believed and was baptized that same hour, with all his house, the Apostolic pattern of belief and baptism together. And the joy of Paul and Silas singing at midnight in the stocks shows that the peace of Christ is deeper than any prison. So follow the Spirit's leading, trust the Lord to open hearts, wield the mighty name of Jesus against the powers of darkness, and answer the sinner's question with the simple, saving gospel: believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and be saved.

Key Takeaways
  • The Spirit directs the mission, closing and opening doors (16:6-10).
  • Conversion is God's work: "the Lord opened" Lydia's heart (16:14).
  • The name of Jesus Christ has authority over every evil spirit (16:18).
  • Praise in suffering: they prayed and sang at midnight in the stocks (16:25).
  • The saving answer: "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved" (16:31).
  • Belief and baptism together, that same hour, with all his house (16:33).

Questions for Reflection

  • Are you sensitive to the Spirit's leading, trusting even His closed doors?
  • Has the Lord opened your heart to believe the gospel?
  • Do you know the authority of the name of Jesus over the powers of darkness?
  • Have you answered the jailer's question by believing on the Lord Jesus Christ?

References & Sources

Scripture is quoted from the King James Version (KJV). Supporting passages are listed so every claim can be verified in its own setting. Becoming all things to win some: 1 Corinthians 9:19-23; Acts 21:20-26. The Spirit's leading and closed doors: Acts 8:29; 13:2; Romans 8:14; Proverbs 16:9. The Lord opening the heart: Luke 24:45; John 6:44; Philippians 1:29. The name of Jesus over evil spirits: Mark 16:17; Luke 10:17; Philippians 2:10. Joy and praise in suffering: James 1:2-4; Romans 5:3; Philippians 4:4. Salvation by faith in the Lord Jesus: John 3:16; Romans 10:9-13; Acts 2:38. Belief and baptism together: Acts 2:41; 8:12; 18:8; Mark 16:16. If anything here does not look right, a verse, a reference, or a wording, please tell us at info@FruitBearers.net. Thank you for helping us keep Bible Learning error free.

  1. The Macedonian call and Lydia: Acts 16:1-15; Luke 24:45; John 6:44.
  2. The slave girl delivered and the apostles imprisoned: Acts 16:16-24; Mark 16:17; Philippians 2:10.
  3. The earthquake and the jailer's salvation: Acts 16:25-40; Romans 10:9-13; Acts 2:38.
How Can I Be Saved?